Tuesday, April 15, 2025

Meditation in the Air - “Down below I see my friends, my neighbors, and me.”

Meditation in the Air *

Dr Abe V Rotor
Living with Nature - School on Blog [avrotor.blogspot.com]

A wisp of smoke greets the lazy morning air from among the trees 
that line a creek appearing like a miniature forest. Summertime, 2013. 

Take me for a moment away from you, Mother Earth,
higher than the highest mountain, the tallest building,
that I may view life whole and solid and unabridged
in a perspective beyond details, and without stirring:

I see clouds shrouding you from the sun and blue sky,
in cumulus like giant mushroom on the horizon, rising,
and released into nimbus, becoming heavy, falling as rain
in the accompaniment of wind, thunder and lightning.

I see rivers swell and lakes fill to the brim in monsoon,
flooding fields and pasture, spilling through the valley,
meandering, roaring over waterfalls and boulders,
resting in swamps and estuaries, then flowing to sea.  
  
I see farmers in the field, women and children, too,
and work animals pulling the plow and the harrow;
I hear singing and laughter and joyous conversation,
barking of dogs, cackling  of fowls trailing the furrow.

I see harvesters gather the golden grains by hand;
drying shocks in the sun, and building  haystacks;
I see flocks of pigeon and native chicken gleaning,
women and children, the sun setting on their backs.  

I see the fields scorched, a smoke here and there - 
bush fire! when the grass dries up bursts into flame
spreading all over, burning anything on its path - 
what a waste! but it is nature's work and game. 

I see poor harvest, good harvest, where and why,
crops early or late, and fields never planted at all;
I see farming a way of life, farming as a business,
and farm life in all seasons, happiness is its goal.

I see children flying kites of various makes and colors,
beside them grownups cheering, coaching, flying
their own kites too, oh, they have not forgotten
the art of their childhood, so do I, reminiscing.

I see children playing patinterotrompo and sipa,
games of old folks when they too, were children;
games of beetles and spiders as gladiators;
palo de sebo and pabitin cannot be forgotten.   

I see tourists, I see balikbayan, I see old and young;
familiar and unfamiliar faces, sweet, shy, and bold;
I see children going to school, housewives to market,
people of all walks of life, always on the move. 
 
I see the hills and mountains, to me they're the same,
but where have the forests gone, the pasture?
I see the rivers, the lakes and ponds old as they are,
I have always loved all of these as I love nature.  

I have seen enough, let me return, Mother Earth,
to my home, sweet home, on the farm, to my family;
and tell them of what I've seen in my short sojourn; 
down below I saw my friends, my neighbors, and me. ~  

* Publiished Greater Lagro Gazette April-June 2016 Issue.  Lesson on former Paaralang Bayan sa Himpapawid (People's School-on-Air) Dr Abe Rotor and Ms Melly C Tenorio 738 DZRB AM Band, 8 to 9 evening class, Monday to Friday [www.pbs.gov.ph]

Wishing Mural of Nature A travelogue-on-wheels

 Lent 2025
Wishing Mural of Nature
A travelogue-on-wheels

Painting by Dr Abe V Rotor

Reflection and Meditation 
A travelogue-on-wheels,  St Paul College of Ilocos Sur, San Vicente, Ilocos Sur

Take me into the scenery, though by imagination, make it virtually true; for I have missed life on the road, life in sports, life in adventure;

Take me to where the sun seeps through the leaves and cast a thousand art of figures and views, in kaleidoscope colors and designs;

Take me to where the leaves fall and make a litter on the forest floor, where new life arises, where the cycle of seasons goes on and on; 

Take me to where the birds sing in the trees, where the fowls roam, the crawlers play hide and seek, where crickets fiddle, cicadas sing;

Take me to where the night breaks into dawn, the sun rises in glorious rays and beams, where dewdrops reflect into a myriad of pearls;

Take me where twilight  heralds the coming of night in silence and peace, the world in deserved rest amidst stars and fireflies; 

Take me to the edge of the land by the sea and lake, to where the river flows in tranquility, the streams and rivulets sing sweetly;    

Take me to where the pond reflects the blue sky, clouds building into rain, and birds flying on their route at the urging of nature; 

Take me into the horizon, beyond the measure of this view, that I may discover more to add into the richness of this masterpiece;

Take me to where my prayers of thanksgiving, my reverence for life are offered in humility, respect and adoration to the Great Maker. ~

 Ilocos Upland  in acrylic on canvas (5ft x 12ft) by A V Rotor, 2017 

Monday, April 14, 2025

World Creativity and Innovation Day & World Earth Day - Let Us Build a "Children of Nature" Culture

World Creativity and Innovation Day April 21, 2025
World Earth Day April 22, 2025

 Dr Abe V Rotor



World Creativity and Innovation Day is a global day by United Nations and it’s observed on 21 April to raise awareness of the importance of creativity and innovation in problem-solving in order to advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 




First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally through earthday.org (formerly Earth Day Network)[1] including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries


Part 1 - 24 Ways to Build a "Children of Nature" Culture
Dr Abe V Rotor
Living with Nature - School on Blog 

                   
  Young biologist studies a specimen. Tree planting and home gardening 
        
                        
 Children's summer painting workshop with the author. Theme: Love Nature

 Our children’s development must be holistic In all four stages: genetic, childhood, lifestyle – and fetal (in the womb). Sing, talk to your baby while in the womb.

1. Our children become new heroes – heroes for the environment, martyrs for Mother Earth. Heaven is in a regained Paradise on earth.

The coming of a universal faith, irrespective of denomination. To be saved is not by faith and promise. Heaven starts here on earth.

2. Our children are deprived of natural beauty and bounty with shrinking wildlife, conversion of farms and pastures to settlements, and destruction of ecosystems.

“Canned Nature” (delata) have become pseudo Nature Centers. Gubat sa Siyudad, Fantasyland, Ocean Park, Disneyland

3. Our children need to know the true meaning of biodiversity. Four attributes - richness in kind, population, interrelationship.

Biodiversity per se does not guarantee sustainability unless integrated with functioning systems of nature.

4. Our children are at the front line and center of people’s revolution spreading worldwide.

Arab Spring is sweeping North Africa and the Middle East, so with the escalating unrest questioning the present world order. All over US the young are angry at economic inequity.

5. Let’s prepare our children to face the consequences of loss of privacy and secrecy, from personal to institutional transparency.

Janitor fish - subject of kids' curiosity, an introduction to biology.  

“You can no longer hide. There is no place you can remain with anonymity.” Wikileak unveiled classified information about the Iraq and Afghanistan war. Bank secrecy laws and safeguards are changing. Citizens have the right to know many hidden financial transactions.

6. Our children’s involvement in social media makes them actors and not mere spectators. They become involved, concerned with issues, local and far reaching.

There is need to strengthen Development Communication (DevComm) over conventional entertainment and reactionary media.

7. Our children will inherit our aging infrastructure. Aging Infrastructure pulls down the economy, increases risk to disaster, creates ghost cities and making life miserable.

8. A new field of biodiversity has been born in deserted towns, on the 38th Parallel between South and North Korea, in land mines areas, ghost towns, among deserted high rise buildings, in high radiation areas like in Chernobyl (Russia) and Fukushima (Japan).

9. Our children, and succeeding generations are becoming more and more vulnerable to various infirmities – genetic, physiological, psychological, pathologic.
 
Author and grandson enjoy bonding at the Living with Nature Center, San Vicente, Ilocos Sur

Computer Syndrome is now pandemic, and its toll is increasing worldwide. South Korea is the worst hit.

10. Our children’s learning through codification defeats logical thinking and creativity. Thus affect their reasoning power, judgment and decision, originality of thought and ideas.

More and more children are computer-dependent. They find simple equations and definitions difficult without electronic gadget.

11. Our children face the age of singularity whereby human and artificial intelligence are integrated. Robotics robs human of his rights and freedom – new realm of curtailment and suppression. (2045 – The Year Man Becomes Immortal – Time Magazine). This is falsehood!
 
 Wall mural painting; on-the-spot painting

12. Our children finds a world of archives - memories, reproductions, replicas – of a real world lost before their own time.

We are making fossils, biographies, dirges and lament, as if without sense of guilt.

13. Our children will realize that optimism will remain the mainstay of human evolution, rising above difficulties and trials. Hope is ingrained in the human brain that makes vision rosier than reality.

Anxiety, depression will continue to haunt, in fact accompany progress, but these all the more push optimism up and ahead.

14. Our children are overburdened by education. They need freedom to learn in their own sweet time and enjoy the bliss and adventure of childhood and adolescence.

E-learning is taking over much of the role of schools and universities. Open Universities, Distance Learning will dwarf classroom instruction. Beginning of a new University of Plato’s dream.

15. Our children will witness in their time the beginning of a post-capitalism order, environmental revolution, rise of growth centers and shift in economic dominance and order, more green technologies, and space exploration. 

This is Renaissance in the new age.

16. Our children will continue looking for the missing links of science, history, religion, astronomy etc, among them the source of life itself and its link with the physical world.

Linking of disciplines, narrowing down the gaps of specializations, making of a new Man and culture.

17. Our children become more and more transient in domicile where work may require, and for personal reasons, and when given choice and opportunity in a global perspective, intermarriages notwithstanding.


“Citizen of the world” is a person without a specific country. He is therefore, rootless.
Humans since creation are rooted politically, culturally – and principally biologically.

18. Our children will have a family size of ideally 2 or 3 children, enabling them to achieve their goals and dreams in life. They will strengthen the middle class the prime mover of society.

A natural way of family planning and population planning, trend of industrialized countries.

19. Our children will clean the land, water and air we the generation before littered. They will heal the earth we defaced, damage. With generation gap closed, the task will be shared by all.

We must be good housekeepers of Mother Earth now.

20. Our children will be part of devolution of power, decentralization of authority, a new breed of more dedicated leaders.

Natural History exhibit at the former St Paul University Museum QC

Children hold the key to change. It’s the Little Prince that changed and saved the pilot in an ill-fated plane crash in Sahara.
(The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint Exupery')

21. Our children face acculturation and inter racial marriages. Melange of races is on the rise – Eurasian, Afro-American, Afro-Asian, etc – a homogenization process that reduces, as a consequence, natural gene pools.
Culturally and scientifically, this is dangerous. Homogenization leads to extinction of races and ultimately, the species.

22. Our children will live simpler lives, going back to basics, preferring natural over artificial goods and services. In the long run they will be less wasteful that us.

There is always a hidden desire to escape when things get rough. This is instinct for survival either by detour or turning back.

23. Our children face the coming of the Horsemen of Apocalypse – consequence of human folly and frailty (nuclear, pollution, poverty). More than we grownups, they are more resilient to adapt to the test.

History tells us that this is true.

24. Postmodernism may do more harm than good for our children in a runaway technology and culture. They cannot and will not be able to keep with the pace and direction of change.

This is not true. “I am the master of my fate, I’m the captain of my soul.” And this is what we want our children to become – but only when they are CHILDREN OF NATURE.~

Part 2 - CHILDREN'S ART IN LIEU OF THE CELLPHONE
 A - Respite from the Cellphone 
Living with Nature Center
San Vicente, Ilocos Sur
Dr Abe V Rotor

Author with young art enthusiasts - Kcie, Daniel, Chloe and Julia.
A respite from the cellphone - and boredom. March 1, 2025

"Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist 
once we grow up". Pablo Picasso

 
Respite from the Cellphone 

Over the bridge we go with oil pastel,
to where the stream flows out to the sea, 
among flowers and rocks under a tree;
oh, how little the cellphone can ever tell!

To where does the cellphone lead us to?
Assumingly knowing all but ne'er about life,
friend day and night in fun and strife;
oh, if ever it is sincere and true!

Technology - applied science - not art,
talks tall in the cloud and sounds like a gong,  
leads children to the unknown all along -
to a bright future and a happy heart? 

 

B - Growing Up With Art**
in a World Apart from "Kids"  

  
Workshop attendees include parents of children participants, as well as older art enthusiasts who comprise a separate but similar art workshop sessions at the Center conducted regularly by the author upon requests from the community, organizations and schools, such as the University of Northern Philippines.  
 
Kids Growing Up With Art
in a World Apart from "Kids"  

Take a break from computers and the mall,
     confines of the small; 
break the wall of idleness, go for the ball
     fast and make a goal.  

Solve the puzzle, some genius await you
     for all you know;
left to right of the brain and back will show
     a wider view of you.   

Take the road rough, look ahead, move on,
     from the bandwagon;
it's your adventure, and follow the sun,   
     sunrise to sundown. ~


“Don’t think about making art, just get it done. Let everyone else decide if it’s good or bad, whether they love it or hate it.” - Andy Warhol 


 “Art should be something that liberates your soul, provokes the imagination  
and encourages people to go further.” – Keith Haring   

                           
                                              
                                    “Creativity takes courage.” – Henri Matisse.

 

Build your dream house complete and beautiful
    with creativity, original, your own;
you can't build one on the lifeless cellphone;
    live life happy with pride - and never a fool.
 
 

Listen to the birds in your drawing,
    each color a note, at the end, a song;
away from the cellphone for the time being,
    and keep out of the busy, aimless throng. 


The cellphone rings in repeated melody.
    in seeming urgency yet in idleness;
oh, what a great loss of opportunity,
    to grow up in such world of ambiguity.

       “Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.” – Pablo Picasso. 
"You can't use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have.'' Maya Angelou
--------
Lesson on former Paaralang Bayan sa Himpapawid with Ms Melly C Tenorio, 738 DZRB AM Band, 8 to 9 evening, Monday through Friday 

Saturday, April 12, 2025

Earth Day April 22, 2025: Let Us Plant Trees This Palm Sunday

Let Us Plant Trees This Palm Sunday
Dr Abe V Rotor

Please don't destroy Nature on Palm Sunday (Domingo de Ramos). Don't kill the palm trees and other threatened and endangered species (cycads, buri, anahaw, nipa, and the like). Help arrest climate change, soil erosion, deforestation, wildfire, onslaught of tsunami, and many other ecological disasters. Trees contribute to good health and happy living, 

This is an appeal addressed to the Church, the DENR (Department of Environment and Natural Resources) and other agencies whose functions are related to environmental conservation. Lavish and unmindful  celebration of Palm Sunday is detrimental to the coconut industry, and the endangerment, if not extinction of palms, among them buri, nipa and anahaw - and the living fossil Cycad or oliva.

 
 
Students from the University of Northern Philippines and San Vicente Integrated School lead in planting anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia) at the Living with Nature Center, San Vicente, Ilocos Sur. Second row, right photo: Coed Angie Tobias of Abra State University attends to palm seedlings ready for transplanting. Third row, students from Philippine Science High School (Ilocos Sur) transplant anahaw seedlings. At the background are two-year old anahaw saplings Lower photos: Heritage Anahaw palm trees are part of the Center's Arboretum (Miniature Forest)

* Earth Day is an annual event on April 22 to demonstrate support for environmental protection. First held on April 22, 1970, it now includes a wide range of events coordinated globally through earthday.org (formerly Earth Day Network) including 1 billion people in more than 193 countries.

Palm Sunday - Nemesis of Palm Trees
The world suffers from irreparable economic loss and ecological destruction from lavish and mindless celebration of Palm Sunday or Domingo de Ramos


Let's join the movement Ecological Reconciliation espoused by the Holy Father (Laudato Si' Encyclical), and local church leaders led by Fr Benigno Beltran SVD. This is a yearly appeal from this website addressed to the leaders of the Church, the faithful, and mankind as one. Let's plant trees instead and take good care of them.

The world loses billions - actual and potential, economic and ecological - every Palm Sunday. Coconut-based economy is the worst hit - the source of many domestic and export products, and the foundation of people's livelihood. The coconut is the most important tree in maintaining the balance of tropical ecosystems.

Whatever happened to the sacredness of Palm Sunday!

Bundles of palm fronds (young leaves of coconut and other palm trees) attest to the massive destruction and decimation of palms in the Christian world.

Lavish and wasteful observance of Lent while Nature suffers 
and people lose their livelihood. 

Let's join hands to save the trees  
  • Don't use young (bud) leaves of coconut for palaspas. You will kill the tree.
  • Conserve the Oliva or the Cycads. They are living fossils, older than the dinosaurs. They are now endangered.                                    
PHOTO: Oliva or Cycad, a living fossil is now endangered. 
  • Don't strip the young leaves of buri and anahaw palms. They are now in the list of threatened species. 
  • Get only the mature leaves - never the young leaves or bud. 
  • Get only a small leaf or part of it. Don't be wasteful. 
  • There's no need for each member of a family to carry palaspas. One for a whole family is enough.
  • Get substitute plants that are not ecologically endangered and economically threatened. (Examples: MacArthur's Palm, palmera, Areca or betel nut, bunga de Jolo, and non-palm plants from bamboo to ground orchid). Use mature or older leaves - never the young leaves and buds.
  • Seek advice from your community and religious leaders, and environmentalists.

    Effects of Religious Practices  to Health and Environment
• Retreat and reflection is therapy, helps the mind and body release tension and do away with the effects of stress.

Buri palm (Corypha) is now classified as threatened species

• Abstinence conserves animal population especially during the lean months, conserving breeding stocks - like seeds (binhi) – in order to multiply in the next season.

• To some religions pork is banned. Pork is a carrier of known parasites such as tapeworm, hookworm, and ascaris.


 On Palm Sunday trees are stripped off of their buds, leaves and stems. This is detrimental  to the environment especially in summer when plants face tight water regime. Millions of pesos worth of coconut trees, potential to provide nuts continuously for a period of up to 30 years, are simply sacrificed for a day's ritual. Endangered species such as the Cycad (Oliva), are pushed to the brink of extinction.


• Ancient religions regard certain places and trees sacred, thus enhancing their conservation. Such worship was replaced by later religions, thus losing their protection.


• The washing of feet is not only ritual, it is also sanitation, getting rid of germs and preventing their spread.


Avoid dipping your fingers into the holy water bowl, and never wash your hands or face in it. Running holy water is best.


. Take communion on your palm, never with your tongue. Epidemic such as H1N1 (flu) can be spread this way.


Holding hands in prayer is discouraged also for health and sanitation, keeping ones privacy in reverence, notwithstanding. Kissing icons is likewise discouraged for the same reason. Wiping holy objects with handkerchief will only pick up germs.


Paying last respect to the dead should be done with extreme care, especially if the cause of death is highly contagious like anthrax, Ebola and SARS. Remember the tragic death of some religious sisters who contacted Ebola from their dead colleague?


Don't walk on your knees to the altar; kneeling in prayer is enough. Be kind to your knee tendon and kneecap; knee injury may incapacitate you permanently. "You re not growing younger," an elder advised me. Let's learn from athletes who retired early because of knee injury.


Removing shoes before entering a house of worship is an expression of respect and reverence, as well as for purposes of maintaining sanitation in the place. Any footwear carries dirt and germs, and may be teems with bacteria and fungi from long and intimate wear. This practice may not be as strict in Catholic churches as in Muslim mosques and Buddhist temples. Removing shoes in other places like prayer rooms, wakes, even homes, are becoming a popular practice.


. Many religious ceremonies are without the use of incense. Incense smoke and scent usually produce a pleasant and calming effect to the faithful. It is also an effective fumigant against flying and crawling insects. Its repellant effect helped keep down the spread of bubonic plague during the Middle Ages. The causal organism which killed a third of the population in the known world is carried by flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) that resides in rats. Incense comes in various preparations and offerings, candle sticks among the most common. Burning candles have similar but lesser effects. To get rid of flies around food, plant one or two burning candles to keep them at bay. Try it.


Sprinkling holy water with lotus flower before entering the Buddha Shrine. (Grand Palace, Bangkok)

Candle offering is often wasteful and dangerous. It also makes the place untidy. A lighted candle in an enclosed room reduces oxygen level while filling it with CO2 and the deadly Carbon Monoxide. (Our Lady of Manaoag Shrine, Manaoag Pangasinan.)

NOTE: I invite the readers to list down other religious practices - favorable and not - and send them through Comments. It will indeed enrich this article of its relevance and urgency for immediate action, locally and globally. 

Proof of destruction on the altar of faith could be as evident as after a typhoon and other force majeure on the economy and environment. 

Coconut tops other coastal trees against the onslaught of tsunami and storm surge.  
(Acknowledgement: Internet and FAO photos)

NOTE: This article served as a yearly lesson for 30 years on the defunct Paaralang Bayan sa Himpapawid with Ms Melly C Tenorio as host and the author as broadcast instructor.  738 DZRB AM, 8 to 9 evening class, Monday to Friday, linked with  Philippine Broadcasting Service (PBS) network, and this Blog avrotor.blogspot.com

Earth Day 2016 (Reprint, Living with Nature) 
Death of a living fossil - Oliva (Cycad)
It is a loss of a beautiful landscape that transports us to the enigmatic Mesozoic world when man was not yet conceived to evolve through a long path to become what we are today.  

Dr Abe V Rotor
Living with Nature - School on Blog (avrotor.blogspot.com)
Lesson on TATAKalikasan AdMU, Usapang Bayan (radio programs), and on former Paaralang Bayan sa Himpapawid (People's School-on-Air) 

The Cycad is a living fossil, older than the dinosaurs. It appears today as it was some 200 millions years ago. Among its secrets is its benevolence as host of a variety of organisms living in a state of dynamic balance which characterizes an ecosystem. 

One day this beautiful palm-like tree died. It is a great loss to students in biology, for it has not been fully studied and understood. It is a loss to a beautiful landscape that transports the viewer to the Mesozoic era when man had yet to evolve into what we are today. 
 Young Markus (author's grandson) is introduced early in the study of living things with the help of his Nanny. The twin crown once lush in radial symmetry for half a century has dried up, so with all the plants clinging on its trunk.  

The palm-like tree succumbed to drought and pest, bringing down all its symbionts - orchid, fern, lichen, moss, blue-green alga, and a host of small organisms from insects to reptiles - to their inevitable demise.  A tree is actually a miniature ecosystem. Thus the death of this cycad put an end to the ecosystem it built and maintained throughout its long life.   

Oliba, Oliva, pitogo (Cycas revoluta) has been called the "living fossil" because of its origin traced to the ancient flora of early Mesozoic era, (200 million years ago). A native to Japan and southern China, it is now cultivated mainly for ornamental purposes.

Cycads are generally toxic because the stems, leaves and seeds contain high amounts of cycasin alkaloids, macrozamin or methylazoxymethanol. Both cycasin and macrozamin are harmful to the liver; cycasin and methylazoxymethanol are neurotoxic and carcinogenic.
 
Reproduction of cycads, typical of all Gymnosperms (pines and cypresses) showing cone with seeds. Right, new set of leaves after the seeds have been disseminated. There are cycads which are dioecious (distinct male and female individuals).
  
Sago flour is derived from the pith but requires an ethnic process to wash out the toxin. Same is true with the fleshy seeds which are consumed as food and medicine in southern Japan, the natives of Guam, New Guinea, Australia, and the western Pacific Islands. The ethnobotanical uses extend to the cure of high blood pressure, headaches, congestion, rheumatism and bone pain. Leaves are used in the treatment of cancer and hepatoma, while the terminal shoots are used as astringent and diuretic.

The main folkloric use of cycad today in the Christian world is for palaspas. Fresh whole leaves are harvested and “blessed” on Palm Sunday. Whole trees are often stripped of their crowns, weakening and predisposing them to extreme conditions of the environment, pest and diseases. Although cycads are deciduous (they lose their crowns periodically), this practice retards growth and reproduction, and may cause the plants to die. A popular traditional practice is suob.  The leaves are dried and powdered, and added to incense (insenso) for the ritual. Its aroma therapeutic effect is well known to many ethnic communities.

The Cycad offers vital research topics that challenge the scientific mind, particularly among our youth.  Perhaps we may learn from the prototype world of this living fossil plant answers to our ailing health and deteriorating environment. Indeed the Cycad is Nature's primordial laboratory of natural history

A. Medicine and Pharmacology

  • Presence of aromatase inhibitors
  • Lectin and Peptide Analysis
  • Antimicrobial and Antioxidant
  • Bactericidal/Antibacterial properties
  • Chitinase isolation and analysis

B. Biology and Ecology

  • CO2 and pollution tolerance
  • Nitrogen-fixation with cyanobacterium 
  • Lichen and floral composition
  • Species diversity and phylogeny
  • Evolution and longevity
-----------------------
Cycads are gymnosperms (naked seeded), meaning their unfertilized seeds are open to the air to be directly fertilized by pollination, as contrasted with angiosperms, which have enclosed seeds with more complex fertilization arrangements. Cycads have very specialized pollinators, usually a specific species of beetle. They have been reported to fix nitrogen in association with a cyanobacterium living in the roots. These blue-green algae produce a neurotoxin called BMAA that is found in the seeds of cycads. This neurotoxin may enter a human food chain as the cycad seeds may be eaten directly as a source of flour by humans or by wild or feral animals such as bats, and humans may eat these animals. It is hypothesized that this is a source of some neurological diseases in humans. (Internet)